Respective conserved sequences are shown CBS1 is colored red andĬBS2 is colored blue. Selectivity filter, are indicated by orange arrows, and the The sequence regions, which contribute to the Cl− Opposite directions to the membrane, and are shown in green andĬyan. Transmembrane domain (α-helices B-I and J-Q), which are oriented in Α-helices are labeled A-R, and the two similar halves within the With two identical, predominantly independent pores. Same in the other ClC family members ( 45, 46), Therefore, the protein structure of ClC-2 is the Transport, and two intracellular copies of theĬystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) domain (CBS1 and CBS2) ( 5– 8, 45, 46)Īnd an N-terminus. Transmembrane region, which is involved in chloride anion Members share a conserved protein structure, including a Structural properties of ClC-2ĭespite wide functional diversity, ClC family Within a 391-bp region upstream, theįirst three of four GC boxes are conserved in human ClC-2, as The ClC-2 promoter belongs to a GC-rich andġ,930-bp region, one of three CAAT boxes is close to the ClC-2Ĭoding sequence, and the other two are at the middle ( 44). Mutation and DNA rearrangement ( 27, 43). Gene suggested that ClC-2 may have evolved by gene duplication, A previous study ( 42) on the possible evolution of ClC-2 The major transcription start site of the ClC-2 gene hasīeen identified, and is localized 100 bp upstream of the putative Which is composed of 898 amino acids and is located in chromosomeģq27.1. The ClC-2 protein is encoded by the CLCN2 gene, Molecular properties of ClC-2 CLCN2 and ClC-2 promoter The molecular, functional and physiological properties of ClC-2, inĪddition to mechanisms involved in the regulation of ClC-2 andĭiseases associated with ClC-2. Leukoencephalopathy, epilepsy and diabetes mellitus. Impaired intestinal mucosa barrier, leukemia, cystic fibrosis, The testes, azoospermia, lung cancer, constipation, repair of Retina, Sjögren's syndrome, age-related cataracts, degeneration of Several molecular, functional and physiological properties, and beĪssociated with several diseases, including degeneration of the In addition, ClC-2 can regulate cellĬontrol response to swelling ( 11, 36– 39),Īnd regulates post-synaptic responses to GABA and glycine ( 11, 40, 41).Īlthough ClC-2 has a wide variety of properties andįunctions, repots of CLC-3 prior to 1994 are limited, with only sixĪttracted increasing attention as ClC-2 was understood to possess ( 32, 33) and rat trabecular meshwork ( 34). ClC-2 is a two-pore homodimeric,ĬlC-2 can be activated by hyperpolarization ( 3, 9),Ĭell swelling ( 2, 9), extracelluar hypotonicity ( 2) and extracellular acidificationĮxpressed ( 3, 11), including in ureteric bud cells Heart and brain ( 2, 3) and then from the rabbit heart Members of the ClC family, and was initially isolated from the rat Membrane, and ClC proteins are encoded by genes of the ClC family.ĬlCs have nine family members, which are classified into threeĭistinct subfamilies: ClC-1, ClC-2, ClC-Ka/K1 and ClC-Kb/K2 ClC-3,ĬlC-4 and ClC-5 and ClC-6 and ClC-7 ( 1). The determination of CLCN2 is required to prevent and treat several diseases associated with ClC‑2.Ĭhloride channels (ClCs) are a type of permeableĬhannel protein for chloride ions or other anions on the cell It was concluded that future investigations of ClC‑2 are likely to be focused on developing specific drugs, activators and inhibitors regulating the expression of ClC‑2 to treat diseases associated with ClC‑2. The review then discusses the diseases associated with ClC‑2, including degeneration of the retina, Sjögren's syndrome, age‑related cataracts, degeneration of the testes, azoospermia, lung cancer, constipation, repair of impaired intestinal mucosa barrier, leukemia, cystic fibrosis, leukoencephalopathy, epilepsy and diabetes mellitus. The effects of ClC‑2 on the digestive, respiratory, circulatory, nervous and optical systems are also discussed, in addition to the mechanisms involved in the regulation of ClC‑2. The present review discusses the molecular properties of ClC‑2, including CLCN2, ClC‑2 promoter and the structural properties of ClC‑2 protein physiological properties functional properties, including the regulation of cell volume. Chloride channel 2 (ClC-2) is one of the nine mammalian members of the ClC family.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |